Sunday, January 26, 2020

An Overview Of Societal Marketing Marketing Essay

An Overview Of Societal Marketing Marketing Essay The notion of societal marketing implies that an organization exists not only to satisfy customer wants but also to preserve or enhance individuals and societys long-term best interests. (Lamb, 1997 Page 9). This concept holds that the organization should determine the needs, wants and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that maintains or improves the customers and societys well-being.(Kotler, 2006, Page 22). According to Kotler (2006, p 15-16), the societal marketing concept represents the highest level of evolution in marketing philosophies. This philosophy evolved from earlier hierarchal philosophies of product, production, selling and marketing. Kotler (1972, 1977b, 2006) suggests that the societal marketing concept encapsulates a more enlightened marketing philosophy which attempts to harmonize the goals of business to the occasionally conflicting goals of society. The concept of societal marketing is based upon a vital proposition that wants of the consumers do not always concur with their or societys long-run interests. Therefore, marketers should place the importance on long-run consumer and societal well being (Kotler, 1977b). Consequently, the societal marketing concept endorses and justifies the social responsibility of business in the society and refutes Friedmans notorious statement that the social responsibility of business is to make a profit (Friedman, 1962). The concept of societal marketing was catalyzed by the consumerism movements of later half of 20th century (Winsor, 1999). For the first seven decades of the 20th century, marketing was purely considered a business activity and it was almost unimaginable that marketing could be regarded as anything but a business activity until late 60s. Lazer (1969, P3) sparked the foundation of a new marketing concept by stating that marketing must not only serve business but also the goals of the society and that the contribution of the marketing extends beyond the formal boundaries of the firm. He served the view that marketers cannot be forgetful of individuals and societal norms. This contribution of Lazer was subservient in flourishing the boundaries of marketing from the sole objective of profitability to include intrinsic values of concern for society and the development of people. The work of Kotler and Levy (1969a) led to the broadening of the whole concept of marketing. They asserted that marketing was a pervasive societal activity and suggested that there are great opportunities for marketing people to apply their skills to wide range of social activity. Besides, the wave of consumerism in later half of the 20th century had virtually nullified all the previous marketing concepts. Barksdale and Darden (1971) found out in a survey that a significant circle of scholars and managers believed that the rise in consumerism was an expression of the deficiency of the prevalent marketing concepts. This failure of the marketing concept then sparked the consumerism to became the basis for a revised marketing concept which Kotler (1972) propounded as the replacement to the failed marketing concepts. Therefore, the societal marketing concept was apparently founded upon the leftovers of its predecessors. This is how the concept of societal marketing evolved in the later half of 20th century and progressed into 21st century. In 21st century, most organizations are becoming progressively interested about handling societal issues in marketing to provide benefits to all the stakeholders in the society, including organization, customer as well as society (McAlister Ferrell, 2002; Waddell, 2002;) and there is an increasing trend towards the concept of societal marketing and green consumerism among marketing departments of various organizations (Prothero, 1990). Today customers do not merely choose a product based on product and quality, rather they are keener in brand power and companies that are concerned about society and environment have an impact in customer purchase decision (Fellman, 1999). Societal marketing has grown in popularity and usage within various aspects of society and specific social causes could benefit from societal marketing such as public health, pollution control, mass transit, private education, drug abuse. (Andreasen, 1995; Grier Byrant, 2005; Kotler Zaltman, 1971; Ling, Franklin, Lindsteadt, Gearon, 1992; Siegel Doner, 1998). Various industry surveys conducted over the years have shown positive influence of societal marketing on consumer perception and corporate image (Cone Inc., 2002; Cone Inc., 2008a; Cone Inc., 2008b; Jayne, 2001). It has been found out that given price and quality are same, 75% of consumers exhibit willingness to leave the brands currently under their use and choose to rather buy products from brands that support a charitable cause (Lorge, 1998). In another study, 80% of the consumers favored companies that endorse a charitable cause while 86% were of the view that they would rather switch and purchase a product that supports a cause given that price and quality were equal. Moreover, it has been stated that organizations adopting the societal marketing concept are likely to be more profitable in the long run apart from being beneficial to society as a whole (Abratt Sacks, 1988). Companies that support charity and show concern regarding social issues invoke a better image on the market resulting in a better repute and higher sales (Mason, 1993). Societal marketing offers tremendous opportunities for organizations as well as the society. Several studies indicate that there exist ample market segments that are ready to switch brands for the right cause at the right price. Besides this, there also exist segments that are prepared to switch brands without caring about price and quality. Therefore, it can be stated that corporate image related to promotion of public good and specific causes can wield strong effect on customer behavior (Barone, Miyazaki, Taylor, 2000; Bloom, Hoeffler, Keller, Meza, 2006; Hoek Gendall, 2008). Cause-related marketing is highly implicated in the concept of societal marketing in which organizations extend specific amount of contribution to a certain cause when customers undertake revenue generating exchanges that meet organizational as well as individual objectives (Andreasen, 1996). Therefore, it is reckoned as a variant of societal marketing concept (Kotler, 2000) and implies connecting companys product or service to a relevant social cause for the mutual benefit of the organization and society (Pringle Thompson, 1999). There have been various reported business cases indicating that societal marketing lead to remarkable increase in the revenues and position of organizations (Adkins, 1999; Balabanis, Hugh, Lyall, 1998; Kotler, 2000). Cause-related marketing implies emotional and rational involvement of consumers (Bloom et al., 2006) which renders societal marketing advantageous for the company (Andreasen, 1996; Kotler, 2000). Another concept closely related to the concept of societal marketing is that of corporate social responsibility which includes corporate social actions whose purpose is to satisfy social needs (Brà ¸nn Vrioni, 2001; Moir, 2001). Realizing corporate social responsibility and undertaking cause related marketing is a tool for increasing customer loyalty and building reputation (Brà ¸nn Vrioni, 2001). The change in corporate image attributed to cause-related marketing campaigns appears to depend a great deal on how customers perceive the reasons for companys involvement in cause related programs and the amount of help given to the cause through a companys involvement (Webb Mohr, 1998). The concept of societal marketing and corporate social responsibility is relatively new as discussed above. Existing literature on the subject and observations indicate that this concept is not a common practice in Pakistan and a number of firms have started using this approach only recently. It has been noted that the concept of social responsibility as exhibit in the West is clearly nascent in Pakistan (Ahmad, 2006; Lund-Thomsen, 2004). However, there are external pressures driving the acceptance of societal marketing values and practices in the country and therefore there is recent evidence of substantial corporate socially responsible activity in Pakistan both in the corporate sector. The concern for employee welfare, health, and the environment has been found for Pakistan (Ahmad, 2006). Some of the leading companies in Pakistan practicing societal marketing and corporate social responsibility are Fauji Group, English Biscuit Manufacturers, Barclays, Procter Gamble, Hinopak, ICI Pakistan, Indus Motor Company, Mobilink, PTC, Shell and TetraPak. Despite the enormous growth of societal marketing practices and related concepts across the world, empirical research is still scarce in this subject (Berger, Cunningham, Koziets, 1999), particularly in Pakistan. SIGNIFICANCE RATIONALE The rationale and justification behind this research is that although a significant body of knowledge on societal marketing and corporate image exists, there is very little research on the concept of societal marketing in Pakistan. There are various questions particularly concerning the influence of societal marketing on consumer perceptions of corporate image and their purchase intention and behavior in the context of Pakistan which needs to be investigated through empirical research. Having reviewed the relevant literature, it may be propounded that this is the first research study on the influence of societal marketing on consumer perception of corporate image in the context of Pakistan. Besides, there has been a gap in the literature regarding impact of societal marketing with respect to demography this study will also attempt to disclose the influence of societal marketing efforts on young consumers. Apart from contributions to the theory, this research study will attempt to make practical share to the knowledge of societal marketing for the practitioners of this concept. This research will provide empirical information to marketers so that they take informed decision while applying societal marketing to distinguish themselves from competitors. Organizations may apply the findings to run successful societal marketing campaigns. OBJECTIVES To inquire into the research problem, the specific objectives this study is designed to address are: To understand the extent and nature of societal marketing programs in Pakistan. To estimate the effectiveness of societal marketing campaign of an organization working in Pakistan. To develop a framework for finding impact of societal marketing on attitudes of young consumers regarding corporate image. To have better understanding of demographic factors (gender, age, education level) that influence consumer attitudes toward corporate image. Kotler, Philip; Brown, Linden; Adam Stewart and Armstrong, Gary (2001), Marketing Creating Value, Marketing, 5th Edition, Chapter 1. Prentice Hall Publisher. Brown and Dacin (1997) find evidence to support the contention that a firm regarded as socially responsible will have a more favourable corporate evaluation from customers. Fellman, M. (1999). Cause marketing takes a strategic turn. Marketing News 33(9), 4. , Joseph F. Hair, Carl McDaniel 0 Reviews Cengage Learning, 2007 Business Economics 671 pages Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th Edition By Philip Kotler, John T. Bowen, James C. Makens ISBN-10: 0-13-119378-3 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-119378-9 Published by Prentice Hall  ©Ã‚  2006 Pub. Date: Jun 29, 2008 Format: Cloth Lorge, S., Brewer, G. (1998). Is cause-related marketing worth it? Sales Marketing Management 150(6), 72. Cone Inc. (2004). 2004 Cone Corporate Citizenship Study. Retrieved March 28, 2007 from www.mybizwarehouse.com/2ndbusiness/2004ConeCorporateCitizenshipStudy.pdf Kotler, Philip; Brown, Linden; Adam Stewart and Armstrong, Gary (2001), Marketing Creating Value, Marketing, 5th Edition, Chapter 1. Prentice Hall Publisher. Robert Winsor, Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept. Social responsibility, consumerism, and the marketing concept RD Winsor Southwestern Marketing Association, 1999 Ahmad, S. J. (2006). From principles to practice: Exploring corporate social responsibility in Pakistan. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 24, 115-129. Lund-Thomsen, P. (2004). Towards a critical framework on corporate social and environ-mental responsibility in the South: The case of Pakistan Development, 47(3), 106-113.  · ^ William Lazer, Marketings Changing Social Relationships, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 33 (January 1969), pp. 3-9  · ^ Philip Kotler and Sidney J. Levy, Broadening the Concept of Marketing, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 33 (January 1969), pp. 10-15

Saturday, January 18, 2020

A System of Profound Knowledge

In respect to quality of materials, there are three well known philosophers whom are most referenced: W. Edwards Deming, Philip B. Crosby, and Joseph M. Juran. Throughout the twentieth century, these three men have continuously integrated new systems for improvement in the quality system. The first and probably most well known of these philosophers is W. Edwards Deming. Deming first came into the public eye when he was credited with assisting the Japanese after World War II and helping to elevate the Japanese industry into the forefront of world industry. Deming stresses that the most important part of quality is the role of management. Deming also emphasizes on achieving long term goals through cultural transformation rather then short term needs. Deming†s findings can be viewed best through his â€Å"System of Profound Knowledge,† and his â€Å"14 Points of Management.† While Deming was continually expanding his research, Philip B. Crosby entered the forefront of quality in the 1970†³s. Crosby has been a consulter as well as a trainer for many leaders in the manufacturing industries. Like Deming, Crosby also has a â€Å"14-Step Pan for Quality Improvement.† Crosby†s main focus is first evaluate the quality system and make improvements on the current system. Another of Crosby†s main concerns is defects. Crosby emphasizes that the performance standard should be â€Å"zero defects.† The most recent of the philosophers is Joseph M. Juran. In the late 1980†³s Juran founded an institute to consult and train management in quality. In addition to Deming, Juran also visited Japan to assist their industry at the end of World War II. Juran†s most famous theory of quality is his â€Å"quality trilogy,† which focuses on planning, control and improvement of the quality system. Although Deming, Crosby, and Juran have never collaborated on their work, many similarities are apart in their beliefs. For example, all three men stress the importance of the management system. Also, they have created step-by-step processes by which industries should follow in order to prove the quality of their products. Another important point which is shared by all three men is that quality should be viewed as an entity. Regardless to the fact that all three have based their lives on the ambitious goal of developing a system to improve quality, there are several key differences exist amidst these three quality experts. First and foremost is their definition of quality. Deming uses statistical predictions, basing his entire view of quality on the quality of the process, not the product whereas Crosby and Juran focus more on the customer. Crosby stresses on the conformance of the quality system to the needs of the customer. Juran goes even one stop further, and basis his entire definition of quality on the intended use of each product by the consumer. Another key point in which the men disagree is goal setting. Deming focuses his ideas mainly on long-term goals, where on the contrary, Crosby and Juran state that short-term goals are equally important. After extensively reading the works and ideas by there three experts, it is obvious to see why the have been so successful. Quality is a very important part of the industrial as well as the consumer world, and the need for quality improvement increases everyday.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Basic Facts of Television Essay Topics

The Basic Facts of Television Essay Topics Kids should have the ability to vote. Science programs are beneficial for everybody, especially for kids. Television also teaches individuals how to do things, for example, cooking procedures or the way to conduct professional bodily exercises. Women ought to be fined each time they scream. Teens should be asked to take parenting classes. They should be able to choose their bedtime. What You Should Do to Find Out About Television Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind Recent research proves that the typical American watches over five hours of television each day. Virtually every household in the usa possesses a minimum of a single TV. The educative function of television can't be denied. To begin with, there's the info I can absorb from television. First, it is a great source of providing information and a helpful tool for education. Besides, it can be used for the spread of education. How to Find Television Essay Topics Online The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Once you get your proposal essay ideas, it's the right time to begin writing. You are able to introduce your thesis statement and that which you're trying to achieve in your paper. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you can counter to your own points. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. It's possible to consist of secondary sources and share arguments about the topic. Therefore, many students and employees decide to purchase affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. Then compose the principal point or points that you create in each individual paragraph. Following are various sorts of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic according to your need and requirement. As the very first sentence in the third paragraph, it ought to be a topic sentence and ought to outline what the remaining portion of the paragraph will discuss. Use particular reasons and examples to back up your answer. 1 thing that the Internet cannot offer you now is picture transmission. Technology and data often go together. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. It can be challenging to think of a topic off the surface of your head. Recycling and the way that it can save our planet. If you're allowed to freely choose what things to write by yourself, utilize the chance to make something unique. Droz If the money doesn't serve you, it is going to rule over you. An excessive amount of money isn't a good thing. A Secret Weapon for Television Essay Topics Finally, extensive hours of television was linked to depression in lots of people. The info from such broadcasts is extremely significant as one cannot have the ability to know all the present affairs and thus televisions make it simple for folks to keep on top of day to day activities. Television is among the many causes to quite a few major complications in today society. It also allows individuals learn various cultures as it employs people from different cultures within their programs. Every family needs to have a pure disaster survival program. The oldest is a driven, career girls that has a sub career for a mother. Parents ought to be held legally accountable for their sons' and daughters' acts. It's intriguing to determine how the concept of a family change and evolves through the decades. It is preferable to grow up in a family with a lot of brothers and sisters. With the evolution of the media online, there's no future for the radio. Television is developing a new variant of culture The senior classes ought to be profiled Education for boys and girls ought to be separate Many men and women think the ideal way to travel is by car Activity is the sole approach to knowledge The value of education is underestimated now. Gun ownership ought to be tightly controlled. The web has made our life a good deal easier. F. Bacon The main goal of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to make sure that money produces a better life. A Real Estate company unlike any other centered on the mission of constructing a network of career-minded pros who strive to cultivate their organization and their future.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Punishment Vs Rehabilitation . Life Is Full Of Choices,

Punishment vs Rehabilitation Life is full of choices, and every decision we make comes with consequences. However when someone decides to break the law, society locks them away with other lawbreakers for a duration of time that corresponds to their level of offence. This is what we call prison. We send people to prison to be punished, to prevent them from committing the crime again and to deter others from doing the same. Those are all valid reasons for incarceration, but I believe that after someone has broken the law, the optimal response should be attempting to help them turn away from their criminal lifestyle. There must be a consequence for breaking the law, so trying to get rid of every single prison on Earth is just naà ¯ve; but I†¦show more content†¦This is the case in almost every prison; prisoners join gangs and resort to violence for protection. Without teaching prisoners how to live a moral and ethical lifestyle, all they learn from prison is how to cheat, lie, manipulate and steal. When t heir sentence comes to an end and they are released back into society, they often find themselves jobless and homeless because most employers refuse to hire someone with a criminal record. Without a job, they resort to the only thing they know how to do, crime. Do we really want to be releasing these people back into society? Of course not. We need to invest in rehabilitation and correction for criminals if we want to keep our society safe. Incarceration alone only keeps the criminal away from society for the duration of their sentence, and without rehabilitation, they are bound to repeat their past mistakes. When someone receives a prison sentence, it seems as though society just gives up on them. People see prisoners as evil people who are getting what they rightfully deserve, with no hope of turning their life around. They are locked away from society and due to the pessimistic attitude towards rehabilitation, they are denied the help they need. In the Blue Eyes Experiment, child ren with brown eye were told and treated as if they were inferior to the children with blue eyes; andShow MoreRelatedPunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Punishment versus Rehabilitation Survey of Justice and Security - AJS/502 March 17, 2014 Arnold Wicker    Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. 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In colonial America, criminals were treated in much the same way as they were in England at that time, with punishments ranging from lashings, confinement in stocks, and public brandings for minor offenses to hanging for more serious crimes-including theft (Wright, 2007). Many people are surprised to learn that the use of prisons as a form of punishment and rehabilitation was an American innovation (Farabee, 2005). 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